Skip to Main Content 
Author Guidelines (3.7 - 3.8)
- In reference lists, use the author's surname followed by their initials without periods
- In the listed references, list all of the authors unless there are more than six, in which case the first three authors are followed by "et al"
- Do not use and between names
- When mentioned in the text, only the surnames of authors are used
- For a source with two authors, list both surnames when mentioned in the text
- When referencing more than two authors or authors and a group, list the first author's surname followed by "et al." "and coauthors," or "and colleagues"
- Roman numerals and abbreviations should be used for name suffixes
- Surnames that contain prefixes or particles should be spelled and capitalized according to the preference of the named person
- For references with individual authors and a group, the group name should be included in the reference citation, listed after the authors and separated by a semicolon
- If there are no authors named or the material was authored by a group, the group name should go in the author byline in the listed reference
Title Guidelines (3.9 - 3.10)
- For titles of books, articles, parts of books, etc., retain the spelling, abbreviations, and style for any numbers used in the original
- Journal Articles & Parts of Books - capitalize only the first letter of the first word, proper names, names of clinical trials or study groups, and abbreviations that are normally capitalized
- Do not enclose article or book titles with quotation marks
- If an article, book, or book chapter contains quotations, retain them as used
- Books, Government Bulletins, Documents, & Pamphlets - italicize the title and capitalize the first letter of each major word
- Do not capitalize articles, prepositions of three or fewer letters, to infinitives, and coordinating conjunctions
- Names of Organisms - follow the style recommended for capitalization and italics for scientific names; use roman type for genus and species names in book titles
- Subtitles - style for subtitles follow that for titles for spelling, abbreviations, numbers, capitalization, and italics
- Exception - the subtitle for a journal article begins with a lowercase letter
- A colon and space separate a title and subtitle, even if a period was used in the original
- Do not change an em dash to a colon
- Capitalization is retained if the first word of the subtitle if it is a proper noun
- When the title ends with a question mark, the question mark is retained and replaces the colon as the delimiter
- If the title or subtitle ends with a closing quotation mark, the ending period should appear after the quotation mark because it is not part of the actual title
